Prototype-First Workflow Refactor

Proposal to restructure the agentic-skills pipeline around tangible prototypes and alignment artifacts

Proposed 2026-05-18

Overview

This refactor enforces a prototype-first gate across the entire skill pipeline. No production spec is written until a tangible, runnable prototype has been built, explored in variations, evaluated, and consolidated. The prototype IS the alignment artifact — spec-interview becomes a post-prototype production deep dive.

Core Principles

Prototype Before Spec

Build something tangible before writing production specifications. The prototype surfaces requirements that interviews alone miss.

Universal Prototyping

Not just UI. CLI tools get a working basic CLI, APIs get endpoints with fixtures, infra gets a minimal working setup. Every project type gets a tangible demo.

Alignment Pages

Every interview/planning skill builds a custom HTML alignment page. No templates — each agent crafts the page to fit the situation. Temporary artifacts ensuring agent-user alignment before proceeding.

New Pipeline

The complete skill pipeline from ideation to shipped product, with prototype gate enforced before production spec work.

Unchanged /idea-scope-brief

Shape a rough idea into a concept brief. Entry point for new products.

Unchanged /icp

Define ideal customer profile. Who is this for?

Unchanged /competitive-analysis

Research existing solutions and positioning gaps.

Unchanged /journey-map

Map the user lifecycle: discovery, onboarding, aha moment, conversion, retention, advocacy.

Renamed /ux-variations

Plan 3-5 distinct UX/workflow variations. Formerly ux-variation (singular). Outputs variation spec with archetypes, each representing a meaningfully different approach. Outputs alignment HTML page.

Changed /ui-interview (per variation)

Run for each variation to define page-level UI detail: layout, components, controls, states, responsive behavior. Each variation gets its own UI spec. Outputs alignment HTML page per variation.

New /prototype

PROTOTYPE GATE — Build tangible, runnable prototypes of each variation. For UI: clickable HTML/CSS with fake data and a hub page. For CLI: basic working CLI demoing the concept. For APIs: endpoints with fixture data. For infra: minimal working setup. Creates all variations with a comparison hub.

Unchanged /uat --variant-evaluation

Evaluate each built prototype variation. Capture what works, what doesn't, what feels wrong. Evidence-driven assessment.

Renamed Changed /consolidate-prototypes

Formerly ui-consolidate. Cherry-picks best elements from evaluated prototypes, resolves conflicts, and builds a single consolidated clickable prototype (not a spec document). The merged prototype is the deliverable — spec-interview will extract the production spec from it.

Changed /research-roadmap --post-prototype

Research refresh pass 1. Scans all research docs (ICP, competitive analysis, journey map, positioning, etc.) against the consolidated prototype. Flags docs that are stale or contradicted by prototype findings. Queues updates — e.g., "journey map onboarding stage doesn't match the prototype's onboarding flow." Execute queued research updates before proceeding.

Changed /spec-interview (post-prototype)

Major role change. Now a post-prototype production deep dive. Walks through the consolidated prototype screen-by-screen asking: "What's the real data model? What API calls? Auth? Error states? Edge cases?" Can iteratively update the prototype when gaps are discovered. Outputs alignment HTML page.

Changed /research-roadmap --post-spec

Research refresh pass 2. Scans research docs against the production spec. Spec-interview often surfaces new constraints (data model realities, API limitations, auth requirements) that invalidate earlier research assumptions. Flags and queues updates so roadmap has fully current research context.

Changed /roadmap

Gate updated: requires consolidated prototype + production spec + refreshed research docs before sequencing. No longer needs to enforce prototype phase — that's already done upstream. Research docs now fully informed by prototype learnings and production spec constraints.

Changed /plan-phase

Gate updated: prototype phase is now upstream. Plan-phase no longer needs to enforce Phase 0 prototype logic — it focuses purely on production implementation decomposition.

Unchanged /exec

Execute the next step from tasks/todo.md.

Unchanged /ship

Commit, push, deploy. Update docs.

Changed Forked Path

/feature-interview (scope triage: small → spec+implement, medium → single prototype, large → full pipeline), /brainstorm (generate new ideas), or loop back to explore more features on the shipped product.

Before / After

Current Pipeline

  1. /idea-scope-brief
  2. /feature-interview (triage + evidence)
  3. /spec-interview (full spec upfront)
  4. /journey-map
  5. /ux-variation (plan variations)
  6. Build variants via /exec
  7. /uat --variant-evaluation
  8. /ui-consolidate (spec document)
  9. /roadmap
  10. /plan-phase (enforces Phase 0 prototype)
  11. /exec + /ship

Problem: Spec written before anything tangible exists. Prototype gate buried inside plan-phase. No alignment artifacts.

Proposed Pipeline

  1. /idea-scope-brief + alignment page
  2. /icp + alignment page
  3. /competitive-analysis + alignment page
  4. /journey-map + alignment page
  5. /ux-variations + alignment page
  6. /ui-interview per variation + alignment pages
  7. /prototype (build all variations)
  8. /uat --variant-evaluation
  9. /consolidate-prototypes (merged prototype)
  10. /research-roadmap --post-prototype (refresh research)
  11. /spec-interview (post-prototype deep dive)
  12. /research-roadmap --post-spec (refresh research again)
  13. /roadmap/plan-phase/exec/ship
  14. Fork: /feature-interview (scope-based triage), /brainstorm

Prototype is built and evaluated before any production spec. Every step produces alignment HTML. Spec is a production deep-dive on proven UI.

Change Summary

Skill Change Type Summary
ux-variation ux-variations Renamed Pluralized to reflect multiple variations output. Add alignment HTML generation via shared framework.
ui-consolidate consolidate-prototypes Renamed Changed Renamed. Now outputs a consolidated clickable prototype instead of a spec document. Spec responsibility moves to spec-interview.
spec-interview Changed Becomes post-prototype production deep dive. Takes consolidated prototype as input. Screen-by-screen deep interview. Can iteratively update prototype. No longer the first spec step.
feature-interview Changed Now sits post-ship in the pipeline. Triages feature scope: small → spec+implement, medium → single prototype variation, large → full pipeline restart.
ui-interview Changed Now runs per-variation before prototype build. Add alignment HTML output. No longer a single-pass spec tool.
roadmap Changed Gate updated to require consolidated prototype + production spec. Remove Phase 0 prototype enforcement (now upstream).
plan-phase Changed Remove Phase 0 / prototype-first logic. Focus purely on production implementation decomposition.
/prototype New New skill. Builds tangible runnable prototypes of each variation. Universal: HTML for UI, working CLI for tools, endpoints for APIs, minimal setup for infra. Creates comparison hub. Heavily relies on research docs (ICP, competitive analysis, journey map) to inform prototype content and flows.
research-roadmap Changed Two new modes: --post-prototype (after consolidate-prototypes) and --post-spec (after spec-interview). Scans research docs against prototype/spec findings, flags stale or contradicted docs, queues updates so roadmap has fully current research context.
Alignment Pages New Convention Every interview/planning skill now builds a custom HTML alignment page opened in the user's browser. No shared template or CSS — each agent crafts the page to fit the situation. Stored at alignment/, temporary until alignment confirmed.
idea-scope-brief Changed Add alignment HTML output.

New Skills & Components

/prototype New Skill

Purpose Build tangible, runnable prototypes of each UX variation Input specs/ux-variations-*.md + specs/ui-*.md (per variation) + research docs (research/concept-brief.md, research/icp.md, research/competitive-analysis.md, research/journey-map.md) Output Runnable prototypes in prototypes/{topic}/ with a hub page for comparison Gate Requires ux-variations spec + ui-interview output for at least one variation Next step /uat --variant-evaluation

Behavior by project type:

  • UI projects: Static HTML/CSS pages with fake data, clickable navigation, hub page linking all variations
  • CLI tools: Basic working CLI scripts with fixture data that demo each variation's workflow
  • APIs: Endpoint stubs with fixture responses, Postman/curl examples
  • Infrastructure: Minimal working setup (docker-compose, config files) that demonstrates the concept

Key features:

  • Builds all variations in one invocation by default
  • Creates comparison hub page with side-by-side navigation
  • Supports --variant N flag to build/rebuild a single variation
  • Feature-interview can trigger mini-prototype cycles on existing prototypes
  • No backend, no auth, no real data — purely demonstrative
  • Heavily informed by research docs: ICP drives persona-appropriate copy/density, competitive analysis informs differentiation, journey map shapes the flow between screens, concept brief grounds the prototype in validated assumptions

Alignment Pages New Convention

What Every interview/planning skill outputs a custom-built HTML page for user alignment review Location alignment/{skill}-{topic}.html (temporary, archived or deleted after alignment confirmed) Produced by All interview skills: idea-scope-brief, ux-variations, ui-interview, spec-interview, consolidate-prototypes, feature-interview

Key principles:

  • Custom-built, not templated: Each agent crafts the HTML page to fit the situation. There is no shared template or CSS library — the agent decides what layout, structure, and visual approach best communicates the skill's output.
  • Situation-appropriate: An idea scope brief page might be a simple overview with cards. A ux-variations page might show side-by-side comparisons. A spec-interview page might walk through screens with annotated production concerns. The format follows the content.
  • Temporary artifacts: Alignment pages exist to ensure agent-user alignment before proceeding. They are archived or deleted once the user confirms alignment and the pipeline moves forward.
  • Opened in browser: The agent opens the page in the user's browser after building it, so they can review visually.

Modified Skills — Detailed Changes

/spec-interview Major Change

What changes:

  • Position in pipeline: Moves from pre-prototype (step 3) to post-prototype (step 10). Now sits after /consolidate-prototypes.
  • Input: Takes the consolidated clickable prototype as primary input, not a concept brief or draft spec.
  • Interview mode: Screen-by-screen walkthrough of the prototype. For each screen/page asks:
    • What's the real data model behind this?
    • What API calls does this screen make?
    • What authentication/authorization applies?
    • What happens when the data is empty? When a request fails? When the user has no permission?
    • What are the performance requirements?
    • What analytics/tracking is needed?
  • Iterative prototype updates: When the interview reveals gaps ("this screen needs an error state we didn't prototype"), spec-interview can trigger prototype updates before finalizing.
  • Output: Full production spec (specs/[topic].md) + alignment HTML page. The spec references the prototype as source of truth for visual/interaction decisions.

What stays the same:

  • Canonical spec sections (Overview, Goals, Non-Goals, Detailed Design, Edge Cases, Test Plan, Acceptance Criteria)
  • Interview logging with deviation tracking
  • --ideas flag for batch processing

/feature-interview Changed

What changes:

  • Position in pipeline: Moves to post-ship. No longer the second step — it's for adding features to an existing shipped product.
  • Scope triage: Feature-interview now triages the scope of the proposed feature:
    • Small (config change, copy update, simple toggle): routes to spec + implement directly
    • Medium (new component, new screen, workflow change): routes to a single-variation mini-prototype cycle
    • Large (new product area, major workflow redesign): routes to full pipeline (ux-variations → ui-interview → prototype → etc.)
  • Mini-prototype support: For medium features, can trigger a focused prototype of just that feature in the context of the existing product.

What stays the same:

  • Evidence-backed triage (validates against code, docs, git history)
  • Interview logging
  • Routing to appropriate next skill

/ux-variations Renamed

What changes:

  • Name: ux-variationux-variations (plural)
  • Output: Now also generates an HTML alignment page
  • Next step routing: Updated to route to /ui-interview (per variation) → /prototype instead of /exec

What stays the same:

  • 3-5 distinct variation archetypes
  • --layout-mode for visual/spatial variations
  • Interview-based exploration of onboarding, workflows, sharing, return-use, etc.

/consolidate-prototypes Renamed Changed

What changes:

  • Name: ui-consolidateconsolidate-prototypes
  • Output: Now builds a consolidated clickable prototype instead of a spec document. Merges the best elements from evaluated prototype variations into a single runnable artifact.
  • Process: Same per-variation interview (keep/reject/neutral), cross-variation synthesis, conflict resolution — but the deliverable is a built prototype, not a document.
  • Next step: Routes to /spec-interview (which will extract the production spec from this prototype)

/roadmap Changed

What changes:

  • Gate update: Now requires consolidated prototype + production spec + refreshed research docs (both --post-prototype and --post-spec passes) before creating a roadmap
  • Remove: Phase 0 / prototype-first enforcement logic — this is now handled by the upstream prototype gate
  • State machine: Update states B0 (missing design gates) to check for prototype + spec instead of just spec

/plan-phase Changed

What changes:

  • Remove: Phase 0 / prototype-first logic, fixture-data enforcement, infrastructure deferral logic — all now upstream
  • Focus: Purely on production implementation decomposition. Every phase it plans is a production phase.
  • Reference: Can reference the consolidated prototype as a visual spec alongside the written spec

/research-roadmap Changed

What changes:

  • New mode: --post-prototype — After consolidate-prototypes. Scans all research docs against the consolidated prototype. Flags docs where prototype findings contradict or supersede earlier research (e.g., "journey map onboarding stage doesn't match the prototype's actual onboarding flow," "ICP assumed technical users but prototype feedback shows non-technical users engage more").
  • New mode: --post-spec — After spec-interview. Scans research docs against production spec constraints. Flags docs invalidated by production realities (e.g., "competitive analysis positioned us on real-time, but spec shows we'll use batch processing," "positioning doc claims instant setup but spec requires OAuth config").
  • Both passes must complete before /roadmap will proceed. Ensures roadmap is built on fully current, prototype-validated, spec-validated research.

What stays the same:

  • Default mode (no flags) still scans general research health and queues missing/stale docs
  • Queue format (Priority Documentation Todo in tasks/todo.md)
  • Staleness heuristics and dependency chain awareness

/idea-scope-brief, /ui-interview Minor

What changes:

  • Add alignment HTML output
  • /ui-interview: clarified that it runs per-variation in the prototype pipeline
  • Updated next-step routing to reflect new pipeline order

Alignment Pages & Pipeline Gates

Alignment Pages

Every interview/planning skill builds a custom HTML page and opens it in the user's browser for alignment review. There is no shared template or CSS library — each agent crafts the page to fit the situation.

Convention, not framework

The alignment page is whatever HTML best communicates the skill's output. An idea scope brief might produce a simple overview with cards. A ux-variations skill might produce side-by-side comparisons. A spec-interview might annotate prototype screenshots with production concerns. The agent decides the format based on what the user needs to evaluate.

Lifecycle

Alignment pages are stored at alignment/{skill}-{topic}.html. They are temporary — when the next skill in the pipeline runs, it archives the previous skill's alignment page to docs/history/archive/. Only the current skill's alignment page exists at any time. /hygiene also flags stale alignment pages during audits. They are NOT the deliverable; the deliverable is the skill's primary output (spec, variation plan, prototype, etc.).

Pipeline Gates

Each skill validates its prerequisites before running. These gates are enforced within each skill's own SKILL.md instructions:

  • /ux-variations requires: journey-map exists
  • /prototype requires: ux-variations spec + at least one ui-interview output
  • /consolidate-prototypes requires: built prototypes + UAT evaluation evidence OR explicit user override
  • /research-roadmap --post-prototype requires: consolidated prototype exists. Populates tasks/todo.md with stale research skills (e.g., /icp) that need re-running.
  • /spec-interview requires: consolidated prototype exists + all research tasks queued by --post-prototype pass are completed
  • /research-roadmap --post-spec requires: production spec exists. Populates tasks/todo.md with research skills invalidated by production constraints.
  • /roadmap requires: production spec + all research tasks queued by both passes are completed

Key Decisions

Where does the prototype gate sit?

After ux-variations + ui-interview (per variation), before UAT. Prototype is the tangible realization of planned variations.

After variation planning, before evaluation

What does spec-interview become?

Post-prototype production deep dive. Walks through consolidated prototype screen-by-screen. Can trigger prototype updates for discovered gaps.

Post-prototype, screen-by-screen, iterative

How are prototypes built?

Dedicated /prototype skill reads variation specs and builds all variations. Universal: adapts to project type (HTML, CLI, API, infra).

New /prototype skill, universal, all-at-once

What does consolidate-prototypes output?

A merged clickable prototype (not a spec). spec-interview extracts the production spec from the consolidated prototype.

Consolidated prototype only, spec comes later

How do alignment pages work?

Each agent builds custom HTML appropriate to the situation. No shared template or CSS library. The agent decides what layout and structure best communicates the skill's output. Temporary artifacts for alignment verification.

Custom-built HTML, no templates

Is prototyping UI-only?

No. Universal prototyping: CLI tools get a working CLI, APIs get fixture endpoints, infra gets minimal setups. The key is tangible, runnable demos.

Universal — every project type gets tangible demos

Where does feature-interview sit?

Post-ship. Triages scope: small features skip to spec+implement, medium get mini-prototypes, large restart the full pipeline.

Post-ship with scope-based triage

When do research docs get refreshed?

Two passes via research-roadmap: once after prototype consolidation (prototype learnings may invalidate ICP/journey assumptions) and once after spec-interview (production constraints may change positioning/competitive analysis). Both must complete before roadmap.

Two passes: --post-prototype and --post-spec

Does /prototype use research docs?

Heavily. ICP drives persona-appropriate content and density. Competitive analysis informs differentiation in the prototype. Journey map shapes screen-to-screen flows. Concept brief grounds assumptions.

Yes, research docs are primary inputs alongside variation specs

Can spec-interview update the prototype?

Yes. When the production deep-dive reveals gaps (missing error states, missing screens), spec-interview triggers prototype updates before finalizing the spec.

Yes, iterative updates during spec interview

Example Flows

Flow 1: New SaaS Dashboard Product

1
/idea-scope-brief — Shape the idea into a concept brief. Alignment HTML generated.
2
/icp — Define target user. Alignment HTML generated.
3
/competitive-analysis — Research existing solutions.
4
/journey-map — Map user lifecycle stages.
5
/ux-variations — Plan 5 dashboard UX approaches (task-first, data-dense, guided, etc.). Alignment HTML with all 5 described.
6
/ui-interview (x5) — Detail each variation's pages, components, layout, states. 5 alignment HTML pages.
7
/prototype — Build 5 clickable HTML dashboards with fake data. Hub page for comparison.
8
/uat --variant-evaluation — Evaluate each prototype. Record what works, what doesn't.
9
/consolidate-prototypes — Merge best elements into single consolidated prototype. Cherry-pick from variations 2 and 4, resolve layout conflict.
10
/research-roadmap --post-prototype — Scan research docs. Flags: "ICP assumed power users, but prototype evaluation shows casual users preferred the guided variant." Update ICP and journey map.
11
/spec-interview — Walk through consolidated prototype screen-by-screen. "This chart — what's the data model? Real-time or batch? What when data is stale?" Discover missing error state → update prototype → finalize spec.
12
/research-roadmap --post-spec — Scan research docs again. Flags: "Competitive analysis positioned us on real-time dashboards, but spec chose batch processing for cost reasons." Update positioning doc.
13
/roadmap → /plan-phase → /exec → /ship — Build the production version with fully current research. No Phase 0 needed — prototype already done.

Flow 2: CLI Tool

1
/idea-scope-brief — "A CLI for managing k8s configs across environments."
2
/journey-map — Map the developer workflow: install, configure, sync, deploy, troubleshoot.
3
/ux-variations — 3 CLI approaches: (1) imperative commands, (2) declarative YAML-first, (3) interactive TUI wizard.
4
/prototype — Build 3 basic working CLI scripts with fixture configs. Each demos the core workflow differently. No real k8s calls.
5
/uat → /consolidate-prototypes — Evaluate CLIs. Merge: imperative commands with declarative config files, skip TUI wizard.
6
/spec-interview — Walk through each command: "What's the config schema? How do we handle merge conflicts between environments? What when k8s API is unreachable?"
7
/roadmap → /exec → /ship — Build production CLI.

Flow 3: Post-Ship Feature Addition

1
/feature-interview "add export to CSV" — Triage: small feature (single button + download). Scope: skip prototype, go direct to spec+implement.
2
/spec-interview → /exec → /ship — Quick spec, implement, ship. No prototype needed for a button.

vs.

1
/feature-interview "add real-time collaboration" — Triage: large feature. Routes to full pipeline: ux-variations → ui-interview → prototype → uat → consolidate → spec → roadmap → etc.

Gotchas & Mitigations

Skill Renaming Breaks Existing Projects

Risk: Renaming ux-variationux-variations and ui-consolidateconsolidate-prototypes breaks existing references in roadmaps, specs, interview logs, and next-step routing.

Mitigation: Clean break. No aliases or redirects. /hygiene handles cleanup — it flags stale references to old skill names during audits. Existing projects run /hygiene --fix to update references.

Research Refresh Can Stall the Pipeline

Risk: research-roadmap --post-prototype might queue heavy research rewrites (e.g., re-run /icp) that block spec-interview.

Mitigation: research-roadmap populates tasks/todo.md with the stale research skills that need re-running. spec-interview's gate checks that all queued research tasks are completed. The user runs each queued research skill, then proceeds. This is intentionally blocking — spec-interview should work from current research, not stale assumptions.

Spec-Interview Prototype Updates Create Loop Risk

Risk: spec-interview updates the prototype → does this retrigger research-roadmap --post-prototype → which might queue more research → infinite loop?

Mitigation: User decides per-update. Each time spec-interview wants to update the prototype, it asks the user via AskUserQuestion whether this change warrants re-running upstream steps. Most additive changes (new error states, missing screens) won't need it. Fundamental changes (scrapping a whole screen) might.

Non-UI Prototype Scope Is Fuzzy

Risk: For CLI/API/infra projects, the line between "prototype" and "actual implementation" is blurry.

Mitigation: Scope rule: prototype demonstrates exactly one core user workflow end-to-end with fixture data. For CLI: one command chain. For API: one request flow. For infra: one setup-to-verify cycle. Scope, not fidelity — the prototype proves the concept works, not that it handles every edge case.

Alignment Page Accumulation

Risk: A full pipeline run produces 8-10 HTML files in alignment/.

Mitigation: Two-layer cleanup. (1) When a skill runs, it archives the previous skill's alignment page to docs/history/archive/. Only the current alignment page exists at any time. (2) /hygiene flags any stale alignment pages during audits.

Migration Plan

The refactor touches 9 existing skills, adds 1 new skill, and establishes 1 new convention. Suggested implementation order:

Phase 1: /prototype Skill & Alignment Convention

Create the new /prototype skill with behavior for each project type (UI, CLI, API, infra). Establish the alignment page convention — add instructions to each interview skill's SKILL.md to build and open a custom HTML alignment page.

Phase 2: Research-Roadmap Modes

Add --post-prototype and --post-spec modes to research-roadmap. Update staleness heuristics to compare research docs against prototype findings and production spec constraints.

Phase 3: Rename & Refactor Core Skills

Rename ux-variationux-variations and ui-consolidateconsolidate-prototypes. Update consolidate-prototypes to output a consolidated prototype instead of a spec document. Add alignment page instructions to all renamed/refactored skills.

Phase 4: Spec-Interview Transformation

Major rewrite of spec-interview: post-prototype mode, screen-by-screen walkthrough, iterative prototype updates. Update gate to require consolidated prototype.

Phase 5: Feature-Interview & Pipeline Wiring

Update feature-interview with scope triage (small/medium/large). Update roadmap and plan-phase to remove Phase 0 logic. Update all next-step routing across all skills. Update docs/skill-next-step-contracts.md and workflow documentation.

Phase 6: Documentation & Testing

Update docs/canonical-workflow-report.md, docs/pack-workflow-matrix.md, docs/skill-next-step-contracts.md. Run benchmark tests against modified skills. Update CLAUDE.md workflow section.

Phase 7: Extend Convention to Domain Packs

After core workflow skills are stable, roll out the context intake + alignment page convention to domain-specific packs. Prioritized by impact:

High Priority

  • Game pack — 6 research skills (audience, comparables, fantasy, genre-map, core-loop, launch). Narrative-heavy evidence benefits from visual alignment pages for playtest results and competitive genre mapping.
  • Devtool pack — 4 research skills (positioning, user-map, adoption, dx-journey). Developer audience alignment needs visual journey maps and positioning decisions.
  • YouTube Ops — 12 research skills (audits, competitive research, benchmarks, search positioning). Visual comparison tables for competitive research and channel strategy.
  • Business Growth — 6 research skills (hook-model, growth-model, metrics, GTM, monetization, PMF assessment). Visual alignment for GTM strategy and monetization decisions.

Medium Priority

  • Creator Foundation — 7 research skills (positioning, content programming, series spec, presence dossier). Cross-platform creator strategy alignment.
  • Alignment Loop — 3 planning skills (taste-calibration, destination-doc, vertical-slice-splitter). Lightweight taste-and-intent calibration pages.

Low Priority

  • Business Discovery, Customer Lifecycle, Business Ops — Already have strong approval gates and evidence conventions. Just need the alignment HTML page addition on top of existing deep interview and scoped intake patterns.

Skip: Monorepo, Code Quality, Kanban variants, compatibility aliases — execution/overlay packs, not interview-driven.